

Gears are wheels with teeth and are sometimes called toothed wheels. Masao Kubota, Haguruma Nyumon, Tokyo : Ohmsha, Ltd., 1963. This article is reproduced with the permission. Cycloid tooth shape is mostly used in clocks and trochoid tooth shape is mainly in pumps. They are easy to produce and has the characteristic of being able to correctly mesh even when the center distance is slightly off. Among these, involute tooth shape is most commonly used. To broadly classify types of gears by their tooth shape, there are involute tooth shape, cycloid tooth shape and trochoid tooth shape. To obtain high precision other than by grinding, there is a process called shaving using shaving cutters. On the other hand, the addition of teeth grinding process increases cost and is not suitable for all gears. Grinding the teeth surface makes gears quieter, increases force transmission capacity and affects the precision class. Therefore, in considering types of gears, teeth grinding is an important elememt to consider. Existence of teeth grindingĮxistence of teeth grinding greatly affects the performance of gears. For example, JIS specifies each precision class’ pitch error, tooth profile error, helix deviation, runout error, etc. The precision class is specified by the standards set by ISO, DIN, JIS, AGMA, etc. When a type of gears is grouped by accuracy, precision class is used. Worm gear and screw gear belong in this group.īecause of the sliding contact, the transmission efficiency is relatively low. When the gears’ two shafts are not parallel or intersect (offset shafts).When the gears’ two shafts intersect each other (intersecting shafts).

Generally they have a high transmission efficiency. Spur gear, rack, internal gear and helical gear, etc.

But in addition to these, there are other types such as face gear, herringbone gear (double helical gear), crown gear, hypoid gear, etc.Ī gear is a kind of machine element in which teeth are cut around cylindrical or cone shaped surfaces with equal spacing. It is best to start with the general knowledge of the types of gears as shown below. If it is difficult to view PDF, please consult these sections. has its own additional explanation regarding the respective gear type. In addition to the list below, each section such as worm gear, rack and pinion, bevel gear, etc.
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Even after choosing the general type, it is important to consider factors such as: dimensions (module, number of teeth, helix angle, face width, etc.), standard of precision grade (ISO, AGMA, DIN), need for teeth grinding and/or heat treating, allowable torque and efficiency, etc.īesides this page, we present more thorough gear technical information under Gear Knowledge (separate PDF page). It is necessary to accurately understand the differences among gear types to accomplish necessary force transmission in mechanical designs. These can be broadly classified by looking at the positions of axes such as parallel shafts, intersecting shafts and non-intersecting shafts. There are many types of gears such as spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, gear rack, etc.
